Moreover, positively- interacted clusters were found in Ni-Co-Cu-Al-Rb-Zn and Zn-Mn-Al-Pb in maternal blood. Elements as Al, Co, Se, Cu, and Ni showed significantly lower levels in cord than in maternal plasma, while elements as Sr, Fe, Rb, Mn and Zn displayed significantly higher levels in cord than in maternal plasma. Interestingly, concentrations of Rb decreased initially but then increased. Concentrations of Pb, Se, Fe, Zn, and Mo all decreased during pregnancy, while Cu increased. Eighteen elements found in maternal plasma during the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester of pregnancy and paired cord plasma were measured by 7700x ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and Elan DRC type II ICP-MS (The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Waltham, MA USA). A total of 48 pregnant women of AMA were recruited in Peking University Third Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate exposure of 18 toxic and/or essential trace elements in maternal plasma and in paired cord plasma during pregnancy at AMA. However, exposure levels and variation patterns during pregnancy remains controversial and attracts extensive public concern. Assessment of trace elements in pregnant women living in specific areas is important for biomonitoring. Pregnant women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are vulnerable to exposure to the surrounding environment.
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